7: the future Comforter cannot be the Holy Spirit as understood by Christians, because the Holy Spirit already was present, helping and guiding Jesus. Muhammad is foretold in the Gospel of St. for Kedar was a son of Ismail and the name is used for the Arab nation: in the New Testament as it now exists. 18: and the rise of the Arab nation in Isaiah. In the Old Testament as it now exists, Muhammad is foretold in Deut. The argument is: You (People of the Book) are bound by your own oaths, sworn solemnly in the presence of your own Prophets. Against all odds the Muslims won a brilliant victory, and many of the enemy leaders, including Abu Jahl, were killed. The Makkan army, well-armed and well-equipped, numbered over a thousand and had among its leaders some of the most experienced warriors of Arabia, including Abu Jahl, the inveterate foe and persecutor of Islam. The Muslim force consisted of only about 313 men, mostly ill-armed, but they were led by Muhammad, and they were fighting for their Faith. He called for armed aid from Makkah, The battle was fought in the plain of Badr, about 150 kilometers south-west of Madinah. To this end Abu Sufyan was leading a richly-laden caravan from Syria to Makkah.

The design of the Makkans was to gather all the resources they could, and with an overwhelming force, to crush and annihilate Muhammad and his party.

The little exiled community of Makkan Muslims, with their friends in Madinah had organised themselves into a God-fearing community, but were constantly in danger of being attacked by their Pagan enemies of Makkah in alliance with some of the disaffected elements (Jews and Hypocrites) in or near Madinah itself. Note Number : 352This refers to the battle of Badr in Ramadhan in the second year of the Hijra. But perhaps the meaning is wider: the 'mother of the Book' must include the very foundation on which all Law rests, the essence of Allah's Message, as distinguished from the various illustrative parables, allegories, and ordinances. The Commentators usually understand the verses 'of established meaning' (muhkam) to refer to the categorical orders of the Shariat (or the Law), which are plain to everyone's understanding.

It is very fascinating to take up the latter, and exercise our ingenuity about its meaning, but it refers to such profound matters that are beyond human language and though people of wisdom may get some light from it, no one should be dogmatic, as the final meaning is known to Allah alone. (1) the nucleus or foundation of the Book, literally 'the mother of the Book' (2) the part which is not entirely clear. Broadly speaking it may be divided into two portions, not given separately, but intermingled: viz. Note Number : 347This passage gives us an important clue to the interpretation of the Holy Qur-an.

Surah al imran transliteration